Description
Seismic data plays a pivotal role in successful exploration, appraisal, and development of oil and gas reservoirs. It is also important for projects like carbon capture and storage. By introducing the temporal component, referred to as the fourth dimension (4D), time-lapse seismic allows us to observe changes within these reservoirs, including fluid presence, saturations, and pressures. With 4D seismic, active reservoir management is enhanced and subsequent development decisions can be improved. IOGP has developed this Report specifically for the design and execution phase of 4D seismic surveys. It aims to consolidate industry knowledge, share best practices, and ensure safe, efficient, and effective delivery of 4D seismic surveys within budget and on schedule. This Report is strongly recommended for all stakeholders involved in planning and executing 4D seismic surveys, especially those in survey design, contracting and procurement, and operations supervisory roles.